The installation of solar panels is a complex and demanding process, and the following aspects need to be noted:
First, preparatory work in advance
Site investigation and selection
Roof structure assessment: Confirm the type of roof structure, such as concrete, tiles, metal, etc., and assess its load-bearing capacity. The load-bearing capacity of a household roof should exceed 30kg per square meter, but it is necessary to refer to local building standards and regulations or consult a professional engineer for specific details.
Lighting conditions: Ensure that the installation site is free from tall buildings, trees or other obstructions. Track the path of the sun in the sky to avoid shadows affecting the power generation efficiency.
Ventilation and heat dissipation: The installation site must be well-ventilated to prevent excessive temperature rise of the battery and reduce its lifespan, as well as to avoid the accumulation of hydrogen gas released inside the battery, which may cause an explosion.
Material preparation
Solar panels and brackets: Select products produced by regular manufacturers to ensure that the material quality and performance meet the standards.
Connection cables and accessories: Prepare sufficient connection cables and accessories, such as MC4 and other universal connectors, to ensure a firm and reliable connection.
Installation tools: Prepare insulating tools, measuring tools (such as multimeters), fastening tools, etc., to ensure a smooth installation process.
Personnel training and safety protection
Personnel training: Provide training for installers to enable them to understand the characteristics and installation requirements of the solar panels, and enhance their safety awareness and operational skills.
Safety precautions: Use insulating tools and wear insulating gloves during installation to prevent electric shock accidents. Avoid wearing metal jewelry to prevent the positive and negative poles of the panel from coming into direct contact with metal objects and causing a short circuit.
Second, the installation process
Installation of solar panels
Clean the surface: Before installation, clean the surface of the solar panel to remove dust, oil stains and other obstructions.
Fixed support: Adjust and fix the support according to the actual situation on site to ensure its stability and reliability.
Place the solar panels: Put the solar panels on the bracket, paying attention to the direction of the positive and negative poles to avoid incorrect connection.
Wiring: Use a universal connector for wiring to ensure a firm and reliable connection. The wiring should be short and even to avoid loose connections or broken connections.
Electrical wiring
Correct polarity: When connecting the solar panels, pay attention to the correctness of the polarity to avoid explosion and fire.
Prevent short circuits: All installation tools must be wrapped with insulating tape to avoid the metal parts of the tools touching the positive and negative terminals of the battery simultaneously and causing short circuits.
Protect the connection parts: After the connection is completed, apply a layer of Vaseline to the connection parts for protection to prevent oxidation and corrosion.
System connection
Connect the controller: Pay attention to preventing reverse polarity, short circuit and other phenomena during the wiring process of the controller. The placement Angle should avoid rainwater infiltration.
Connect the inverter: Connect the positive terminal of the solar panel to the positive terminal of the inverter and the negative terminal to the negative terminal of the inverter. Then the solar inverter is connected to the solar cells and the grid input to generate electricity.
Connect to the power grid: Use a regular plug to connect the inverter to the main power switch board, and connect the output line to the distribution board to supply power to the household.
Third, post-installation inspection and acceptance
Visual inspection
Check the solar panels: Ensure that there are no scratches, damages or other phenomena on the surface of the solar panels.
Check the bracket: Ensure that the bracket is stable and reliable, without any loosening or deformation.
Check the wiring: Ensure that the wiring is firm and reliable, without any loose or broken connections.
Performance testing
Measure voltage: Use a multimeter or other instruments to measure and record the open-circuit voltage of all battery cells and the total voltage of the battery pack.
Evaluate performance: Based on the measurement data, assess the performance status of the solar panels to ensure they meet the design requirements.
Fill in the acceptance form
Detailed record: Fill in the relevant forms as required and record in detail all parameters and inspection results during the installation process.
Signature and approval: Please have professional technicians sign and approve the installation work to complete the entire acceptance process of the installation project.
Fourth, other precautions
Lightning protection grounding
Install lightning protection devices: In areas with frequent thunderstorms, lightning protection devices should be installed to prevent the solar panels from being damaged by lightning strikes.
Equipotential grounding: Generally, a dedicated photovoltaic power SPD is installed inside the DC distribution cabinet (junction box) to achieve equipotential grounding of the panel and direct lightning protection.
Avoid occlusion
Remove obstructions: Before installation, clear all unnecessary obstacles and items, such as branches and billboards, to ensure that the solar panels can receive sufficient sunlight.
Consider future shading: Take into account the possible shading of the solar panels caused by factors such as future tree growth, and plan in advance to avoid it.
Regular inspection and maintenance
Clean the surface: Regularly clean the surface of the solar panels to remove dust, bird droppings and other obstructions to maintain their power generation efficiency.
Check the support: Regularly inspect the stability of the support to ensure there is no loosening, deformation or other issues.
Check the wiring: Regularly inspect the firmness of the wiring to prevent loose connections, broken connections and other phenomena.
Comply with regulations and standards
Understand policies: Before installation, be familiar with local regulations and policy requirements to ensure that the installation process complies with relevant provisions.
Adhere to standards: Install and accept in accordance with relevant national and industry standards to ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of solar panels.
